The UK

The United Kingdom (UK), officially known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. The UK is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Its capital and largest city is London, a global city and financial center with an urban population of 10.3 million. The UK has a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II serving as the head of state until her passing in September 2022. The UK has a rich history, from the Roman conquest of Britannia and the establishment of the Magna Carta to the building of the British Empire and its role in both World Wars. The country has a diverse culture, with a mix of ancient and modern influences, and is known for its contributions to art, literature, music, and philosophy. The UK's landscape is equally varied, with rolling countryside, historic towns and cities, and rugged coastlines. It has a temperate maritime climate, with rainfall spread fairly evenly throughout the year. The UK is a leading trading power and financial center and has the fifth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP. It is also a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO, the G7, and the Commonwealth of Nations. Despite its size, the UK has a significant impact on global affairs, culture, and the economy.